過年牙疼免著急 牙科急診求醫停看聽

林孟儒醫師教導民眾如何確保牙齒健康。

又到了春節期間大吃大喝的時節,也因大吃大喝造成急性牙疼的病例常見,在牙痛起來要人命的狀況下,如何處理是大學問。台南遠東牙醫集團總院長林孟儒教導民眾如何判斷急症程度,提出紅色警戒、黃色觀察、綠色忍耐等3大標準,並呼籲民眾要慎保牙齒健康,以免牙痛擾了春節假期的遊興。

 

紅色需急診症狀。

 

林醫師表示,經他長年看診觀察,每年春節期間,牙齒出狀況的比例不少,由於春節期間診所大多休診,民眾不知如何處理,有的到醫院看急診,有的則到藥局買成藥服用。為了讓民眾了解如何處置,將牙科傷難程度分為紅色警戒、黃色觀察、綠色忍耐等標準,再依牙痛、牙髓炎、斷裂、脫落等情況,提供民眾判斷。

 

黃色觀察症狀。

 

林醫師指出,紅色急診有受傷無法止血、口腔顏面腫脹及發燒、恆齒撞傷脫落等,大多數出 情況,以紗布壓住出血部位,緊咬住20~30分鐘,出血就會停止。如果持續出血,就需就醫進一步處理。而口腔顏面腫脹、發燒,常見造成腫脹的原因,包括阻生齒發炎、嚴重牙髓炎及牙周膜感染併發症、牙齒根尖囊腫等症狀。若口腔顏面腫脹,的局部出現有溫熱、泛紅、疼痛、難吞嚥、腫到眼睛、伴隨體溫持續發燒,這些可能有口腔顏面感染導致急性全身感染的風險,建議前往急診評估。

 

綠色症狀。

 

有關恆齒撞傷脫落,林醫師說,發生跌倒強烈衝撞臉部時,以顏面構造而言,牙齒受傷的機率相當高,可能會有牙齒缺損、脫落、位移、咬合不正、持續疼痛等症狀。若受到撞擊牙齒脫落時,建議找急診,只要儘早處理,還有可能進行原牙齒再植手術,很重要的是脫落牙齒的保存,原則是讓脫落牙齒牙根部份保持清潔跟潮濕,愈早進行成功率愈高。

 

林醫師指出,黃色觀察有兒童乳牙撞擊脫落、牙髓炎、膿包、牙齦腫、牙齒局部斷裂及口腔顏面輕微腫脹等。而綠色有兒童乳牙自行脫落、假牙贋復物脫落、損裂、輕度牙痛、牙齒局部咬裂、斷掉等。

 

林醫師表示,黃色等級以下,可等到大年初五恢復門診後再求診,避免民眾跑醫院掛急診被退貨的可能性,也教育民眾愛護急診醫護資源,讓真正需要的急症得到妥善的醫治處置。此外,最好年前先看診健檢,有問題先處理,維持勤勞的口腔清潔,享受美食要硬碰硬,作息正常有助維持良好免疫力,出遊小心至上,避免意外發生。

 

 

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Working long hours increases depression risk in women

Women who clock 55 working hours or more every week might have a higher risk of depression. Also, working weekends can increase depression risk for both men and women.

Working longer hours may impact mental health, especially for women.

A new study that now appears in the Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health found that working excessively long days could be detrimental to mental health.

The team came to this conclusion by looking at data collected from Understanding Society, the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS).

The UKHLS tracks the health of around 40,000 households in the U.K.

For this particular study, the researchers used data from over 23,000 men and women. These data included information about employment.

They discovered that the people with the worst mental health overall were women who worked 55 hours or more, worked most or every weekend, or both. The difference was significant when compared with women who work standard hours (35–40 per week).

 

Mental health and work habits

The team found a number of employment differences between genders. Men, in general, tended to work longer hours than their female peers. Also, almost half of the women worked part-time, while only 15 percent of men did.

Also, married men were more likely to work longer hours, while married women usually worked fewer.

How do anxiety and depression affect physical health? Depression and anxiety may be as bad for your health as smoking and obesity. Read now

The scientists had a number of theories on why there were differences between men and women in the workplace. They note that women are more likely to work long hours if they work in a male-dominated field. Also, they saw that people who work weekends tended to work in service sector jobs with lower pay.

As the study authors write, “Such jobs, when combined with frequent or complex interactions with the public or clients, have been linked to higher levels of depression.”

They recognize that women often have a “potential double burden” when factoring in household duties and caring for family members. This type of work is unpaid and increases their workload across the board.

However, there were a few factors that seemed to affect mental health no matter what the person’s gender was. Older workers, workers who smoke, those who earned the least, and those who had the least control at their jobs tended to be more depressed when compared with other workers who did not have these specific circumstances.

Clinical depression is one of the most common mental health conditions. It has several risk factors, which can include a family history of depression, major life changes, trauma, stress, and certain physical illnesses. The symptoms of depression may include persistent sadness, feelings of hopelessness and guilt, loss of interest in hobbies, and sleeping issues.

Work-related stress

It is no surprise, then, that those who work long hours or over the weekend may experience some work-related stress, which could be a trigger for depression. The authors write:

“Previous studies have found that once unpaid housework and caring is accounted for, women work longer than men, on average, and that this has been linked to poorer physical health.”

They explain that their findings do not establish cause, but that they may encourage employers to consider new policies that aim to decrease the burden on women in the workforce without decreasing their participation in the job sector.

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